To investigate the relationships between anxiety, depression, and insomnia and tinnitus severity among high-functioning employed adults, stratified by age and gender, and to describe age- and gender-specific patterns of prevalence and symptom burden in order to support a biopsychosocial framework for understanding tinnitus onset, progression, and clinical management.
✦ Clinical Takeaway ✦
Audiologists should routinely screen working-age tinnitus patients for anxiety, depression, and insomnia, and interpret results with awareness that age and sex influence these comorbidities.
✦ Why It Matters ✦
Identifying how demographic factors moderate the mental health burden of tinnitus can help clinicians tailor counseling and referral pathways for different patient subgroups.
✦ Key Points ✦
- 01Anxiety, depression, and insomnia are significantly associated with tinnitus severity in employed adults.
- 02