The objectives of this study were to establish normative values for the vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) test in adults and to evaluate test-retest reliability using bone-conducted stimuli at different frequencies.
Clinicians performing bone-conduction VEMP testing can use these normative datasets and reliability estimates to improve diagnostic accuracy for vestibular disorders, particularly where air-conduction VEMPs are not feasible — though the data apply only to healthy adults and should be validated in clinical populations.
Establishing reliable, frequency-specific bone-conduction VEMP norms fills a methodological gap and strengthens the standardisation of vestibular assessment across audiology clinics.
- 01Normative values established for both cervical (cVEMP) and ocular (oVEMP) tests using bone conduction stimulation.
- 02Multiple frequencies tested, expanding clinical utility beyond single-frequency protocols.
- 03Test-retest reliability data provided, supporting clinical reproducibility.
- 04Study population limited to healthy adults — findings may not generalise to clinical or elderly populations.
- 05Published in the American Journal of Audiology.
Bone conduction cVEMP and oVEMP can be reliably measured at multiple frequencies in healthy adults.
studysupportedThe established normative values are suitable for clinical use in diagnosing vestibular disorders.
studypartially supported- PMID
- 42223331
- DOI
- 10.1044/2026_AJA-25-00191.
- Journal
- American Journal of Audiology
- Publication type
- research_article
- Evidence level
- 2b
- Population
- Healthy adults with normal vestibular function
- Intervention
- Bone conduction cVEMP and oVEMP at multiple frequencies
Primary outcomes
Normative values for bone-conduction cVEMP and oVEMP; Test-retest reliability of bone-conduction VEMP measures