An update on neuro-otology and neuro-ophthalmology - focusing on new developments in the last three years

Vertigo, dizziness, and imbalance are among the most frequent presenting symptoms in primary care and in the emergency department (ED). The clinical diagnosis is based on a structured patient history and bedside examination of the vestibular system and the ocular motor system, looking especially for central ocular motor signs....

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Clinicians managing vestibular and neuro-otological conditions should read this update for recent diagnostic and treatment advances, but individual practice changes should be based on evaluating the specific primary studies cited rather than the narrative review alone.

A high-level narrative synthesis of three years of neuro-otology progress gives busy clinicians and researchers a curated entry point into an evolving literature covering diagnosis and management of vestibular and oculomotor disorders.

1. 01Narrative update in Journal of Neurology covering neuro-otology and neuro-ophthalmology developments from the past three years.
2. 02Primary clinical focus is on vertigo, dizziness, and imbalance — conditions frequently encountered in audiology and ENT practice.
3. 03Review format provides a curated synthesis rather than a systematic or quantitative analysis.
4. 04Relevant to clinicians managing BPPV (tiny inner-ear crystals causing dizziness), vestibular migraine, and similar conditions.
5. 05Neuro-otology is a rapidly evolving subspecialty with new diagnostic tools and treatment targets emerging regularly.

PMID

42859937

DOI

10.1007/s00415-026-14153-w.

Journal

Journal of Neurology

Publication type

review

Evidence level

5

Population

Patients with neuro-otological and neuro-ophthalmological conditions, including vertigo, dizziness, and imbalance

Intervention

Narrative review of new developments in neuro-otology and neuro-ophthalmology (2022–2025)