Vertigo, dizziness, and oculomotor disturbances may occur as manifestations of immune-mediated disorders affecting the inner ear, central vestibular pathways, or multisystem autoimmune disease. Although uncommon, these conditions are clinically important because delayed recognition may lead to irreversible hearing loss, vestibular dysfunction, or neurological disability....
Clinicians evaluating unexplained dizziness or vestibular dysfunction should consider immune-mediated causes and refer appropriately; this review consolidates diagnostic and treatment guidance but does not introduce new evidence.
Autoimmune vestibular disorders are under-recognized and can mimic common diagnoses; a consolidated clinical overview supports more accurate differential diagnosis and timely treatment.
- 01Reviews the spectrum of autoimmune diseases affecting vestibular and oculomotor systems.
- 02Covers both peripheral (inner ear) and central (brainstem/cerebellum) immune-mediated vestibular disorders.
- 03Addresses clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and treatment strategies.
- 04Relevant to audiologists, neurologists, and neuro-otologists managing complex balance cases.
- 05Published in a peer-reviewed eye movement research journal (MDPI JEMR).
Autoimmune diseases can cause distinct and diagnosable vestibular and oculomotor dysfunction requiring targeted treatment.
guidelinepartially supported- PMID
- 42496367
- DOI
- 10.3390/jemr19040071.
- Journal
- Journal of Eye Movement Research
- Publication type
- review
- Evidence level
- 5
- Population
- Patients with autoimmune diseases affecting the vestibular and oculomotor systems
- Intervention
- Clinical review of diagnostic and treatment approaches for autoimmune vestibular and oculomotor disorders
Primary outcomes
Clinical presentation characterization; Diagnostic criteria; Treatment outcomes for immune-mediated vestibular disorders